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Prions and Prion Disease

Immune, Allergy & Infection Program
Prions are strange proteins that can cause infection…
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Leaky Gut, Chemical Constipation, Defensive Diarrhea, Invasive SIBO, Baloonish Bloat and Hellish Heartburn
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References
From Open AI
tell me about yeast and candida infection of the gastric mucosa with references
Yeast and Candida are types of fungi that can infect the gastric mucosa, which is the inner lining of the stomach. Candida infection of the gastric mucosa is known as gastric candidiasis, and it can occur in people with weakened immune systems or those who have taken antibiotics or acid-suppressing drugs.Â
Yeast and Candida infections of the gastric mucosa can cause a range of symptoms, including abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and bloating. In severe cases, the infection can lead to perforation of the stomach wall, which can be life-threatening.
 The diagnosis of yeast and Candida infections of the gastric mucosa is usually made by taking a biopsy of the stomach lining and examining it under a microscope. Treatment typically involves antifungal medications, such as fluconazole or amphotericin B, which can be administered orally or intravenously.
 Here are some references for further reading on yeast and Candida infections of the gastric mucosa:
Watanabe T, Ota S, Nishimura K, et al. Gastric candidiasis in non-immunocompromised patients. World J Gastroenterol. 2015;21(33):9848-9854. doi:10.3748/wjg.v21.i33.9848
Soliman S, Hammad H, Khalaf H, Gomaa M, Hassanein F. Gastric candidiasis: a rare disease presentation. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 2014;23(4):451-454.
Vuotto F, Donelli G. Pathogenicity of Candida species in the gastrointestinal tract. Molecules. 2015;20(5):9096-9118. doi:10.3390/molecules20059096
Aghili SR, Bagheri Lankarani K, Mehrzadi S. Gastric candidiasis in critically ill patients. Mycoses. 2017;60(10):669-678. doi:10.1111/myc.12663
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Yeast (Candida), Mold, Fungus, Mushrooms

Yeast syndrome, often called Candidiasis, is often caused by overgrowth of naturally-occurring yeast called Candida species.  The condition is called a syndrome rather than infection because overgrowth or imbalance (dysbiosis) has several factors or root causes. These include: antibiotics, sugar, certain vaccines, diabetes, hormones (especially steroids and birth control) and other factors.
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Yeasts that Affect Humans Sheet
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From Open AI
Yeast, mold, fungus and mushroom are all types of microorganisms that belong to the kingdom Fungi. However, each term refers to a different type or characteristic of fungi:
- Yeast: A type of single-celled fungi that can ferment sugars to produce carbon dioxide and alcohol.
- Mold: A type of fungi that grows in the form of multicellular filaments called hyphae and can form visible colonies on surfaces.
- Fungus: A broader term that encompasses all fungi, including yeast and mold.
- Mushroom: A type of fungi that forms a fruiting body above ground, which produces spores (spores) to spread and propagate
From Open AI
Here are examples of yeast, mold, fungus, and mushrooms, along with their presence in human food and body:
- Yeast: Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker’s yeast), Candida (a type of yeast that can cause infections in humans). Yeast is used in the production of bread, beer, and wine.
- Mold: Penicillium (used in the production of blue cheese and penicillin), Aspergillus (can produce mycotoxins harmful to humans). Mold can be found on food items such as bread, fruit, and cheese.
- Rusts: Puccinia (a type of rust that affects crops such as wheat and barley). Rusts are plant pathogens and do not typically affect humans directly.
- Smuts: Ustilago (a type of smut that affects corn). Smuts are plant pathogens and do not typically affect humans directly.
- Fungi: Aspergillus, Candida, Dermatophytes (cause skin infections). Some fungi can be harmful to humans and cause infections, while others can be beneficial, such as those used in the production of fermented foods.
- Mushroom: Agaricus bisporus (white button mushroom), Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom). Mushrooms are edible and are commonly consumed as a food source.
Note: Some molds and fungi can cause infections in humans if they enter the body through the respiratory or digestive system. It’s important to properly store and prepare food to reduce the risk of exposure to harmful microorganisms.
SIBO/
SIFO
Gut Program
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) and the Fungal Version (SIFO) are conditions where the ecology of the small intestines has been altered…
American Journal of Gastroenterology Clinical Guidelines for SIBO **
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