Updated September 29, 2022

Vulvodynia is defined as pain in the vulvar area, including the vestibular area. It may not be associated with any visible signs (redness) or discharge. Sometimes the “pain” is perceived as itching. When there are signs of inflammation (redness, swelling) or changes in discharge, this may be an indication of infection. However, this symptom complex may not respond to typical anti-fungal or anti-bacterial medications.

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Vaginal Issues

Vaginal Suppositories

Please be advised that the clinical articles below contain some graphic images

Chronic Vulvar Infections part 1 of 2

Chronic Vulvar Infections part 2 of 2

Vulvar-lichen-sclerosus-often-overlooked-in-women-of-reproductive-age

Yeast/Fungal

!Nystatin enhances the immune response against Candida albicans and protects the ultrastructure of the vaginal epithelium in a rat model of vulvovaginal candidiasis

Quercetin Assists Fluconazole to Inhibit Biofilm Formations of Fluconazole-Resistant Candida Albicans in…in Vulvovaginal Candidiasis.2016

Biofilms

Biofilms Formed by Isolates from Recurrent Vulvovaginal Candidiasis Patients Are Heterogeneous and Insensitive to Fluconazole.2017

Biofilms-An-Underappreciated-Mechanism-of-Treatment-Failure-and-Recurrence-in-Vaginal-Infections

Biofilms and vulvovaginal candidiasis – PubMed.pdf

Biofilms-Survival-mechanisms-of-clinically-relevant-microorganisms

Hyaluronic Acid

What is hyaluronic acid and why would you put it in your vagina

Is vaginal hyaluronic acid as effective as vaginal estriol for vaginal dryness relief_ – PubMed – NCBI

Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of hyaluronic acid vaginal gel to ease vaginal dryness_ a multicenter, randomized, controlled, open-label, pa… – PubMed – NCBI

Other Remedies

Xylitol for treatment of vaginal infections – Google Patents

Saccharomyces-cerevisiae-based-probiotic-as-novel-anti-microbial-agent-for-therapy-of-bacterial-vaginosis