The pituitary gland, often called the “master gland,” plays a central role in regulating various physiological processes by secreting hormones that control other endocrine glands throughout the body. Located at the base of the brain, the pituitary is divided into two main parts: the anterior and posterior lobes. The anterior pituitary synthesizes and releases hormones that influence growth, metabolism, and reproductive functions, while the posterior pituitary releases hormones primarily involved in water balance and childbirth. The pituitary receives regulatory signals from the hypothalamus, which connects it to the nervous system, allowing it to respond to the body’s needs and maintain homeostasis by adjusting hormone levels based on feedback from target tissues and circulating hormones.