Bromine as a Toxin

Updated June 12, 2025

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Bromine is an element in the same family as Flourine, Chlorine, and Iodine. Because of this relationship, bromine can and often does replace iodine in several essential processes, especially in the face of iodine deficiency (> 95% of the world). 

Bromine has been used in commercial wheat since the 1960’s when it replaced iodine in crop production, since they both act as anti-microbials for these plants. These days, superior foods have non-bromated flour. 

However, bromine has been used pervasively as a flame retardant, essentially toxifying infants and children until recently. Many of these chemicals do not degrade easily and can be found in many types of recycled materials. This is a factor in the growing prevalence of thyroid disorders in children, and adults. 

What has historically been seen as an iodine “side-effect” or toxicity often is actually a bromine (or fluorine) detox evoked when iodine levels are replenished. 

Perigestational exposure to low doses of PBDE-47 induces excessive ER stress, defective autophagy and the resultant apoptosis contributing to maternal thyroid toxicity.2018

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DecaBDE (Decabromodiphenyl ether), also known as decaBDE or BDE-209, is a brominated flame retardant (BFR) used primarily in plastics, textiles, and electronics to reduce flammability.

  • DecaBDE belongs to the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) class of flame retardants.

  • Although less bioavailable than lower-brominated PBDEs, photolytic and microbial degradation can produce these more hazardous forms.

  • Human exposure can occur via dust ingestion, diet, and occupational inhalation.

Summary of DecaBDE Properties and Use

PropertyDetails
Chemical NameDecabromodiphenyl ether
AbbreviationdecaBDE, BDE-209
CAS Number1163-19-5
Molecular FormulaC₁₂Br₁₀O
Molecular Weight959.17 g/mol
AppearanceWhite to off-white powder
Melting Point~300 °C (572 °F) decomposes
SolubilityInsoluble in water; soluble in organic solvents (e.g., acetone, toluene)
UsesFlame retardant in electronics (TV casings), textiles, wire insulation
Environmental FatePersistent, bioaccumulative, subject to long-range atmospheric transport
Health ConcernsPossible endocrine disruptor, neurotoxic, suspected carcinogen
RegulationBanned or restricted in EU, US EPA phased out (2013–2014) in major uses
Degradation ProductsDebromination to lower PBDEs (more toxic and bioavailable)
 
 Regulation and Restrictions:
RegionStatus
EUBanned under REACH; listed under Stockholm Convention on POPs (2017)
USVoluntary phase-out (EPA 2010 Action Plan); some state-level bans (e.g., Washington, Maine)
CanadaAdded to CEPA 1999 Toxic Substances List; usage restricted
GlobalListed as a Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP)
 

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